The paper analyzes priority directions and effective practices of state policy in education of indigenous peoples of the North on the example of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The author presents a comprehensive review of the legal, programmatic and organizational mechanisms contributing to the preservation of ethnic and cultural identity, the development of human resources, linguistic and professional heritage of indigenous peoples. The focus of the research is on innovative practices of digitalization of the educational environment, human resources issues and the creation of new educational institutions for indigenous peoples. The paper describes successful projects aimed at career guidance, modernization of educational trajectories, and strengthening the connection between employers, educational organizations, and indigenous peoples. The conclusions include specific recommendations for further improvement of educational policy and the integration of modern technologies into the practice of training specialists for traditional industries and the modern sector of the regional economy

The paper examines artificial intelligence (AI) as an optimization tool in the professional training of foreign language teachers in universities. The characteristics of AI are identified. Authors state that the use of AI should be purposeful and should not lead to the displacement of traditional teaching methods and activities. AI is presented in the paper as a modern tool, which enables teachers to automate daily tasks. It is determined that AI technologies are versatile in terms of purposes, tasks, focus, and can be used to generate text, images, presentations either based on existing materials or designing an innovative product. The paper reveals that AI technologies are available to every teacher, but it is essential to consider the expediency of their application within the framework of a particular university, program and topic. At the same time, the AI focus on the visualization of teaching materials, their update ability and actualization for a specific situation is effective. The authors conclude that the use of AI in teaching a foreign language is possible for practicing vocabulary in dialogue, improving listening skills and listening comprehension of different speakers. In learning grammar, AI can be used to create presentations with animation.

This paper explores features of mental development in children with intellectual disabilities. The relevance of the intellectual disabilities study is due to large number of children in the world having reduced cognitive functions, which affects their socialization, education and quality of life. The aim of the work is to study the mental development of the cognitive abilities in children with intellectual disabilities. The authors analyze theoretical approaches to this problem in modern psychology. Types of intellectual disabilities in children with various psychoneurological diseases are distinguished. The empirical study results of the verbal-logical thinking development level in 3rd grade students with intellectual disabilities attending children’s psychosocial rehabilitation and 3rd grade students of a comprehensive school are presented. The study reveals statistically significant differences in the verbal-logical thinking development level, formation of such mental operations as comparison and generalization between groups of children attending children’s psychosocial rehabilitation and those attending comprehensive school. The first group identified indicators are at a significantly lower level. The results can be used to organize psychocorrection for children with intellectual disabilities, aimed at developing verbal-logical thinking. The paper’s target audience is classic inclusive education psychologists.

The paper analyzes the results of a study on job satisfaction in engineering and technical personnel at a mainstay in Surgut. The relevance of the problem is due to the need to keep experienced personnel with a set of necessary competencies at the mainstay. Given the personnel shortage that has arisen in Russian enterprises, keeping personnel is an effective alternative to the new personnel search and training. The results obtained during the research state that the social and psychological conditions at the mainstays satisfy experienced engineering and technical personnel to a sufficiently high degree and contribute to the successful professional duties fulfilment. Moreover, the authors identify a tendency towards an insufficient demand for the professional competencies of women working in the engineering, which reduces their satisfaction rate in a number of parameters, and may lead to certain economic losses for the enterprise.

The paper examines politically significant projects such as “Conditions”, which were created by members of the Supreme Privy Council for Anna of Russia, and constitutional projects of Count N. I. Panin. The author analyzes the main provisions of these political projects, how they influenced state management, and why they were not implemented. The academic novelty of the paper lies in the comparison of these projects according to specific criteria: aims and motives for their creation, representative body, regime, monarch role, supporters, results and impact. The comparison of these projects is defined by controversial nature of the N. I. Panin constitutional project sources. The central question of the matter is whether N. I. Panin took the ideas for his project only from West-European sources (Swedish or English constitutional acts) or chose a comprehensive approach and considered Russian political experience and constitutional projects. The author concludes that these documents were the most important political projects created in the second quarter and the second half of the 18th century based on archived and published scientific research. 

The article explores modern scientific investigation of the history of children’s hygiene, concentrating on theoretical perspectives and research methodologies. An important practical and theoretical basis for scientific publications are the fundamental works of scientists, including the concepts of P. Bourdieu, focused on the issues of daily routine, social space and social relations. Analysis of the works of Russian and foreign experts indicates that, owing to its multi-vector nature and versatility, modernization theory can serve as a methodological basis for the study of the history of children’s hygiene. This analysis examines the role of various general and specialized scientific methods, relying on specific publications. Besides traditional analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction, authors apply special methods that, depending on the content, object, subject, purpose, and objectives of the study, contribute to creating an objective and comprehensive picture of the history evolution of children’s hygiene. The study demonstrates that all the applied methods execute their respective functions when examining specific historical subjects.

The paper examines the process of formation and development of urban-type settlements network in Western Siberia from the moment this type of settlements appeared in the typological structure in the mid-1920s to the last Russian Census in 2020. The study analyzes the reasons for the appearance of villages in this category, using data from the Statewide and Russian censuses of the 1920s and 2020s. The dynamics and rates of change in the number of urban-type settlements in different historical periods are identified, their main stages of development are highlighted. For the first time, the peculiarities of the formation and the quantitative ratio of the settlement network in various administrative-territorial units of the region are examined. The influence of political and socio-economic factors on the structural transformation of the network in the 1990s and 2000s, expressed in its quantitative reduction, depopulation, and the transformation of about a third of the characterized settlements into rural settlements, is revealed. The authors conclude that there is a high level of counterurbanization in the Altai, Tyumen and Tomsk oblasts, where the network of urban-type settlements has decreased by more than 50 % over the century of its existence due to the transformation of its structural units into villages.

The purpose of the study is to identify problems in the legal regulation of Russian education through the scientific publications’ content analysis. The analysis uses a sample from Russia’s largest scientific electronic library between 2020 and 2024. The content analysis method is used to identify key issues. As a result, the authors identify the problems associated with the need to update legislation under modern requirements, such as insufficient flexibility of regulations and lack of effective control mechanisms. This confirms the hypothesis about the need to review and improve the current system of legal regulation.

The paper examines career guidance technologies for creative specialties given digital transformation. The research aims to identify the possible application of modern technologies in career counseling, using talent-based disposition assessments. Authors implement conceptual modelling, comparative analysis of Russian and foreign technologies, questionnaires and expert surveys. The focus is placed on the technologies “Verbatoria” and “Punkt B” which demonstrate high efficiency in reducing the list of favorable professions and increasing students’ confidence in choosing a professional area. The academic novelty of the research is the identification of options for implementing neurometry and digital data analysis technologies that ensure objectivity (electroencephalography vs. self-evaluation), and subsequently, the identification of integrative vocational guidance model structural components that overcome the key limitations of traditional diagnostic methods of career guidance. The findings emphasize the significance of the integrated use of modern career guidance technologies, based on the results of diagnostics of natural disposition towards talents and assessment tools for determining the students’ willingness to choose a career. 

The paper presents the results of experimental research aimed at identifying the motor activity of the adult population in Tyumen and its attitude to physical culture and sports. The aim of the study is to identify the attitudes of the mature population with different physical activity states towards health and physical culture and sports. During research, the real physical culture and sports activity of the adult population, their values-based orientations and motives for physical culture and sports are determined. The conducted research reveals that a significant part of the adult population in Tyumen has a positive attitude towards physical culture and sports, while 15% have a high motor activity level, one-third have a moderate activity level and 23.2% have a decreased activity level. In the hierarchy of life values, “health” and “exciting work” prevail. The leading motives for engaging in physical education and sports are the desire to strengthen health, raise vitality and the desire to improve physique. Researchers can also use the results presented in the paper to identify dynamic changes in the motivation and values-based attitudes of the adult population of the city and contribute to the development of practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness of physical culture and sports work with the population.