NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PATTERNS IN THE NORTH-TAIGA ZONE OF WEST SIBERIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY: THE TRANSFORMATIVE POWER OF OIL

The purpose of the article is to define the role of oil as a natural resource and a transformer of nature management patterns in the north-taiga zone of West Siberia in the second half of the 20th century. The Northern Taiga of West Siberia is a region, which in the 20th century went a long way from the commercial and agricultural development of the territory to the continuous industrial development of the natural and geographical space within an unprecedentedly short time by historical standards. The relevance of the
article is due to the need to comprehend the historical experience of the state nature management in the north-taiga zone of West Siberia. The development of the Soviet North occurred from the top down, such state structures as central ministries and departments, territorial bodies of the Soviet and party power were the main actors in this process. Their opinion in the development of the region was the most important. The article presents an analysis of such over-centralized state approach. It determined the main sources of the research: the fund of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, regional and local bodies of the Soviet power and the CPSU committees.
The development of the USSR North was based on the industrial standard. In the 1920s–1950s the industrial standard of the development of the North, relying on the use of biological resources with the native population of the North being the main creator of the material benefits could not be implemented. There was a need to rely on resources with a more powerful transformation and modernization potential. Such resources were hydrocarbons: oil and gas. Since the 1960s, the pattern of natural resource management in the North has been reoriented towards the extraction of minerals. Active market conditions and a large export potential of oil allowed solving not only economic but also ideological problems. This led to tremendous economic results and equally serious social and environmental problems. Such historical experience of the Soviet development of the north-taiga zone of  West Siberia should be taken into account in further development of the region and its natural resources.

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