The article analyzes the contribution of Azerbaijanian specialists to the development of the West Siberian oil and gas province. Pursuing the social and anthropological approach consistently, the author characterizes the crucial role of a number of its representatives in development of oil exploration in the Middle Ob and in discovery of the country's largest hydrocarbon fuel deposits, which formed the basis for its stable economic and geopolitical situation as well as the safe defense potential. The productive activity of Azerbaijanian oil workers is characterized against a look back analysis of the Azerbaijani migration to Russia during the second half of the twentieth century. The reasons of increased migration in 1980s–1990s are noted, the forms of labor and economic activity of migrants from Azerbaijanare analyzed. In the article, special attention is paid to the study of the work of Siberian cities’ authorities on development of cultural and national autonomy of the Azerbaijanian diaspora and support of the leaders of itscommunities in preservation of ethnic consensus and harmony in the region.